London to Brighton 

Producers - Paul Andrew Williams and ken Marshall from steel mill pictures

They went on to make many films - the cottage / filth

(Open to many genres )

London to Brighton budget is 80,000

(And their second film cost 2,500,000 (the cottage)

The distributor for this film is vertigo 

Guerrilla film making is when you film on locations without seeking permission you can do this because they don't have to pay insurance to the location

British social realist film

Filmed in 19 days  / low budget and guerrilla film making

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The cottage

The producers were Paul Andrew Williams and ken Marshall

Filth and film for Marion

The film cost 2.5 million 

The distributors for the cottage were Pathe

Vertical integration -when one company is involved in all of the stages of film making from production to distribution and finally exhibition (oligopoly)

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Theory Of Everything

James Marsh Lisa Bruce Anthony McCarten from working title productions

Cats / Baby Driver / 50 shades / Bridget Jones Franchise / Johnny English Franchise / The kid who would be king / Pacific Rim

$15 million 

Universal Pictures

Synergy- The interaction or cooperation of two or more organisations, substances, or other agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.

Working title are a synergy with universal.An example of their synergy is that the soundtrack for The Theory of Everything was licensed under universal music operations . Working title had universal take over the music section of The Theory of Everything.Universal finances working title.Working title is essentially owned by universal . Universal is horizontally integrated this shows that they have many companies over a range of items.Universal are also vertically integrated this shows that they are involved in all stages of film making.

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Shifty 

1- the producers behind shifty were rory atiken and ben pugh 

Rory and ben have been named as part of the brit 50 (number 42)

2- between the eyes - patrick melrose / cyberbully / calvary / jupiter ascending

3-shifty cost £100.000 to make

4- Metrodome Distribution was the distribution company 

-Microwave scheme  - a scheme which has the aims to support british film making’ to support young unknown filmmakers with their project the scheme provides you with one hundred thousand pound to make your film.Other films made through the microwave schemes are ill manners 

Shifty is a social british realist film is a 15 

Made in 18 days 

The microwave scheme came out due the british film dwindling 

Several companies wanted to buy shifty at a film festival, and metronome was chosen who spent 50,00 on marketing and employed many marketing schemes.

Films made for 100 K or less is called a microfilm but to achieve a film on such a low budget the pre production must be very organised .

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Veronica mars

Rob Thomas Dan Etheridge, Danielle Stokdyk / spondoolie pictures

Veronica mars

The film cost 2 million originally however they raised 6 million three times their original goal subsequently they could have used that to produce a better film or they could use this money as reserve profit.This money earnt shows that there was a lot of interest in the film.

Warner Bros pictures distributed the film

Kickstart a global crowdfunding platform focused on creativity and merchandising and bring creative projects to life. The film that's heavily influenced by the TV show was funded on kickstarter by loyal fans . They did this because warner bros ( the original creators ) for the show refused to fund a film .

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Life in a day

Liza Marshall / ridley scott / (scott free productions )

Gladiator / the martian / blade runner / exodus

It cost $607,169 to make

Youtube distributed the film

-Prosumer- is a person who consumes and produces media The term comes from prosumption an Internet era business term that means 'production by consumers'. A mix of producer and consumer.

-technological convergence -when one peice of technology acts as multiple pieces of technology that could make some things obsolete

Director for life in a day was kevin mcdonald.Life in a day is a crowdsourced drama documentary, this means its footage is influenced by the material that people send in . acts as a time capsule. Involves footage of and from 192 nations. There were particular themes that arose such as love , fear , hope , death and birth . they had to plan in the pre production of how to sustain good quality this was prevented and solved as they sent out many HD cameras to various countries with 2 memory cards one for the producers and one for the people to keep.It all took place on the 24 july.They had to do many talk shows to promote their film and ensure that people were aware of what was happening.They had to plan it and subsequently chose the 24 july as it was a sunday and after the world cup had ended and by chance it was a full moon.Regrets sending so many cameras as they could have gotten more high quality and informative footage.They had to have a polylingual editing team to ensure that all scenes could be  clearly understood.They were anxious that they could have too much footage and subsequently it could take a long time to edit.This film was made by procumers and shows the simplicity of being a procumer and how society isn't content with just consuming and would now want to actively contribute and become a procumer.

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a\qaUnit 4 - Pre-Production (Linked to Unit 10)

Assignment 1 - Learning Aim A

 

Introduction 

In this report I'm going to define and explain the requirements of pre-production and all the steps required. I’m also going to write about the success of film production the overall achievements. 

 

The pre-production requirements:

Requirements of the product (FILM)

There are a lot of things to consider when “Life in a Day” was made. As one of our case studies, I need to research and explain the steps required to produce the film. One way “Life in a Day” is a good example to write about is because it’s not an ordinary film rather it’s a documentary about people around the world. The crew sent out 500 cameras to 192 countries around the world to film and told people to film a day of their life. The film crew got 80,000 responses which is so much more than they were expecting so it took them a lot longer than they were expecting. There were many problems with what they did, one of them being that the cameras they sent out most people that received them didn’t know how to use them and that caused a lot of problems. However, many other people wanted to get involved and they used their own equipment to film. Some people had a major problem with the way they did this. Some people think it was “free labor” as the people filming it didn’t get paid for any of it. These are things that the crew didn’t think about during the pre-production. The film wasn’t released in cinemas or a paid site like netflix or amazon. Instead they released it for free on youtube so anyone can watch it without paying. This was good for the audience but bad for the producers because they didn’t get any revenue.

sources of finance for the product (FILM)

“Veronica Mars” is one of our case studies, and as one of our case studies I have to know how it was financed and produced. The film was funded through a site called “Kickstarter”. Kickstarter is a website that lets people show off their projects. Other people can donate money to the project and in exchange they get gifts and special prizes to do with the project. For example, if someone donates a certain amount of money to a film project, then they can see the film early and get extended versions of it. Crowdfunding is one way of funding a film but it’s not always the best way. The crew that was making Veronica Mars wanted to raise £2 Million however they managed to raise over £6 million which had a huge impact on how the film was made. The film didn’t do as well as they were expecting as they only made £3.5 million at the box office.

logistical consideration (such as deadlines)

The crew for “Life in a Day” had planned to  get all the recordings by 24th July which was a week after the 2010 World Cup. The film was then released a year later on June 17th 2011. The reasons that they asked for the footage around the World Cup was because the World Cup would have meant that most people would be focused on the football rather than filming so they thought they would wait until after so people would have an interest in filming. Deadlines and filming are very important to consider as if the crew release the film at the wrong time then the film might not get the attention it needs and not do as well. The film crew has to also think about the legal considerations. The film crew had to make sure before putting forward the idea about this project. For example, they need to make sure that the necessary paperwork is completed in order for it to be allowed. Another logistical consideration would be copyright. The crew would have to look through all the footage that was sent and they would have to check for copyright material, illegal footage and footage not suitable for young audiences.  

 

resources and regulatory requirements

One regulatory requirement in filming is filming locations. In order for a film crew to film in public, they need to have the necessary paperwork for the correct area to film. If a film crew doesn’t have the paperwork to film in a public area and they still film, that means they are using a “Guerilla” style filming. Guerilla filming is normally seen by a low budget film crew as they wouldn’t have the funds to get a permit for filming. London to Britghon used Guerilla filming as a method for filming as they didn’t have the funds to get a permit. Another regulation for filming is health and safety. Health and Safety is one of the most important things to consider. This is because if someone gets injured on set then that could cost money for hospital bills and it can cost time for filming as they need the actor to recover for the role and depending on the injury it could take months. Copyright laws are another important thing to consider when filming. Copyright is when any creative company uses a piece of footage or a piece of music that is owned by someone else. Uses other people's footage is illegal and the company that originally had the footage can sue the company that used it. This is important to consider as you don’t want to accidentally use the same idea as someone else and then get sued.   

the impact these factors have on each other.

Lots of these factors have an impact on each other. For example, the logistical impacts on film production has an impact on the budgeting. This is because if a film crew plans to do something on a certain date, then they need to consider what they need to use their budget on at that time. For example, if they need to book a place to film, then they need to use that budget then and they need to use that time to effectively make progress. Another way two factors have an impact on each other is regulatory requirements and the budget. This is because in order to have the necessary regulations, you need the necessary funding. For example, you would need to have a permit for filming then they would need the correct amount of funds to do so.  

 

The established industry formats used within the pre-production processes

One format the industry uses is the font they type up scripts. The big companies such as Warner Brothers, use the “Courier New” font as for there script writing. This is because the film industry companies are old fashioned and they like to write like the people in the early 1900s wrote with typewriters. Big industry companies have to be very careful when writing a script. The main caution is having the script be leaked. When the script is leaked, the film normally gets cancelled as people know the story. In order for film companies to keep the script safe, they need to only have copies for the actors and the actors need to hand the scripts back to the directors after they are finished filming. Film industries sometimes colour code the scripts. This is because when the writers of the film change something in the script, they print out new scripts in a different colour.

The functions of pre-production processes, reasons for undertaking them and the impact they have

The reason the film companies are very cautious with the way they handle their scripts is because if the film script leaks out then the film will most likely get cancelled as everyone already knows the story. Also this can cost the company millions if they have already started filming as they would have to stop filming. Watermarks are also very important as if the script does get leaked no one can share it as they can get sued. A watermark is print of the company logo and is normally placed onto important documents and scripts. A watermark stops anyone trying to copy any documents from that company. It’s very useful as it helps keep people from uses the company's property.     

 

The purposes of pre-production documentation

One documentation of pre production is a mood board. A mood is a collection of images that the film crew put together to create new ideas for filming. It’s very useful to have a mood board as it allows the creators to bring out their ideas and share them. Another pre production documentation is a storyboard. A storyboard is used with pictures and captions to show how the story of the film is going to be carried out. A storyboard is very useful and easy to use and it shows roughly the plot of the film. Mind maps and spider diagrams are also very common in pre production as there are simple but effective. Big film companies such as Warner Brothers and Paramount, may use mind maps and spider diagrams, but for big blockbuster film they would have to write up pages of planning and pictures to show the steps of pre production. The planning of film production would normally be drawn up roughly, then written up formally for publishing purposes.

 

Conclusion

Overall, there are a lot of things to consider when making a film. Pre production can take months to make the end result of the film successful. All the factors that I have discussed have a huge impact on the final outcome of the movie and they need to be fully planned through and each plan needs to be carefully thought through.   

Bibliography/Webography

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